ANS

ANS

Cholinergic drugs

A. The student shall understand the structure, mechanism of action, systemic effects, side effects and contraindications of acetylcholine, methacholine, carbamycholine, bethanechol, and pilocarpine.

B. The student shall be able to describe the general effects, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic uses of various cholinesterase inhibitors.

Anticholinergics and Anticholinesterases

A. Antimuscarinic Drugs

B. The student shall be able to describe the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, systemic effects, contraindications and toxicity, and therapeutic uses of atropine and drugs with similar actions.

C. Ganglionic Stimulants and Blockers

D. The student shall be able to describe the current concepts of ganglionic stimulating drugs including the major effects and toxicity of nicotine.

E. The student shall be able to describe the current concepts of ganglionic blocking agents including major effects, side effects and other problems, and uses of these drugs.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

A. The student shall know the definition and characteristics of neuromuscular blockers.

B. The student shall e able to describe the mechanism of action, effects on organ systems, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, cautions and drug interactions, uses, and methods for drug reversal for d-tubocurarine, gallamine, and cuare-like drugs.

C. The student shall e able to describe the mechanism of action, effects on organ systems, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, cautions and drug interactions, uses, and methods for drug reversal for depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents like succinylcholine, decamethoniumdantrolene, baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine.

Adrenergic Agonists I

A. The student shall understand the pathway of catecholamine synthesis and the subtypes of adrenergic receptors, what tissue they are present in, and their effects on the tissue.

B. The student shall be able to list the major factors affecting the end result of administering Sympathomimetic amines, and the factors that affect the rate of metabolism.

C. The student shall be able to describe the systemic and organ effects, mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and side effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Adrenergic Agonists II

A. The student shall recognize the mechanisms of action of adrenergic receptors.

B. The student shall be able to describe the cardiovascular effects, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics side effects and precautions of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

C. The student shall be able to describe the cardiovascular effects, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics side effects and precautions of beta adrenergic agonists.

D. The student shall be able to describe the cardiovascular effects, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics side effects and precautions of mixed adrenergic agonists.

Alpha Blockers; Adrenergic Nerve Blockers

A. The student shall recognize the differences between the various alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists including the drug’s preferences for alpha-1 or alpha-2 sites.

B. The student shall be able to describe the chemistry, mechanism, organ effects, , side effects, onset and duration of action, uses and precautions for alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.

C. The student shall recognize the differences between the various beta-adrenoceptor antagonists including the drug’s preferences for beta-1 or beta-2 or alpha sites.

D. The student shall be able to describe the chemistry, mechanism, organ effects, , side effects, onset and duration of action, uses and precautions for beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

A. The student shall be able to understand the classification of receptor selectivity for beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists.

B. The student shall be able to describe the general effects of beta-blockers on the cardiovascular system, systemic effects, therapeutic uses, side effects and cautions.

C. The student shall be able to demonstrate knowledge of the specific attributes of various beta receptor agonists

Calcium Channel Blockers

A. The student shall understand the role of calcium in muscle contractions, types of calcium channels, and the role of calcium in vascular tissue and cardiac muscle.

B. The student shall demonstrate knowledge of the differing attributes and end organ effects of various calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, amlodipine, andfelodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, verapamil, diltiazem, and bepridil.