CVS & Kidney

CVS

Antihypertensives I

A. The student shall be able to describe the renin-angiotension system and the effects on body systems.

B. The student shall know the different attributes of the angiotension enzyme convertor inhibitors and angiotension II receptor antagonists including the drug actions, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, serious adverse reactions and precautions, treatment advantages, and drugs interactions.

C. The student shall be able to describe the drug actions, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, serious adverse reactions and precautions, treatment advantages, and drugs interactions of vasodilators including hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide, and sodium nirtoprusside.

D. The student shall be able to describe the drug actions, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, serious adverse reactions and precautions, treatment advantages, and drugs interactions of diuretics including thiadiazides, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics.

Antihypertensives II

A. The student shall be able to describe the drug actions, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, serious adverse reactions and precautions, treatment advantages, and drugs interactions of various beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

B. The student shall be able to describe the drug actions, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, serious adverse reactions and precautions, treatment advantages, and drugs interactions of methyl DOPA, clonidine, guanabenz, and guanfacine.

C. The student shall be able to describe the drug actions, therapeutic uses, pharmacokinetics, serious adverse reactions and precautions, treatment advantages, and drugs interactions of agents that interfere with alpha-adrenergic mechanism, calcium-channel blockers, and fenoldepam.

D. The student shall be able to recognize drugs used for severe hypertension in emergencies, and the basic premise behind treatment of hypertension in various patient populations.

Drugs in Heart Failure I

A. The student shall understand the classifications of heart failure.

B. The student shall be familiar with the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, systemic and electrophysiological effects, therapeutic uses, effects and treatments of toxicity, and drug interactions of cardiac glycosides.

C. The student shall be able to describe the role in heart failure of calcium channel blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, and diuretics.

Drugs in Heart Failure II

A. The student shall be familiar with the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, systemic and electrophysiological effects, therapeutic uses, effects and treatments of toxicity, and drug interactions of phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

B. The student shall understand the role of and effects of beta-adrenergic agonists, alpha-adrenergic antagonists, vasodilators, ace inhibitors and angiotension II receptor blockers in the treatment of heart failure.

Clinical Use of Inotropic Drugs

A. The student should understand the clinical indications and use of the inotropic drugs

Anti-anginal Drugs

A. The student shall be able to describe the types of angina and pathophysiology of angina, and the major determinant of myocardial oxygen supply and demand.

B. The student shall be able to demonstrate knowledge of the mechanism of action, pharmacological effects, systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, side effects, and tolerance of organic nitrates.

C. The student shall be able to describe the mechanism of action, the effects and the therapeutic uses, side effects and contraindications of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and combination therapy in the treatment of angina.

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs I

A. The student shall be able to describe characteristics of normal cardiac fibers.

B. The student shall be able to note proposed mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias

C. The student shall be familiar with the different classifications for antiarrhythmic drugs and the stereotypical drugs in each class.

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs II

A. The student shall know the mechanism of action, electrographic changes, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, toxicity and side effects of group IA (quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide), group IB (lidocainephenytoin, tocainide, mexilitine) and group IC (flecainide, propafenone, ) antiarrhythmics.     

B. The student shall know the mechanism of action, electrographic changes, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, toxicity and side effects of group II (propranolol, esmolol, acebutolol, etc) and group III (bretylium, amiodarone, sotalol,) antiarrhythmics.

C. The student shall know the mechanism of action, electrographic changes, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, toxicity and side effects of group 4 (calcium channel blockers, bepridil) and adenosine.

DRUGS ACTING ON KIDNEY

Renal Function: Diuretics I

Renal Function: Diuretics II

A. The student shall be able to review the normal renal tubular function or the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted portion, and collecting duct.

B. The student shall be able to state the chemistry, mechanism of action, administration routes, side effects, duration of effect , therapeutic uses and preparations of osmotic diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, and ADH antagonists.